The Truth About Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)

This RLS Blog contains a LOT of information about Restless Legs Syndrome, covering a wide spectrum of different areas and aspects.

Because of that, a casual passerby at 4am that’s just trying to find a solution for their wonky legs may be overwhelmed or frustrated as they have to dig through information on epigenetics, glutamate, histamine etc. in order to find out what this “CURE” is all about.

For that reason I have created this post which I will LOCK into the first position on the blog so that this overview of “An Absolute Cure for RLS” will always be visible to newcomers.

magellan2INTRODUCTION

Throughout our early history the majority of the world’s population considered the earth to be flat. That was a normal way to think.

If you were to shout out that the world was ROUND back then, you would have probably been pelted with rotten vegetables.

You would have been called a NUT … a person DESPERATE for attention.

And then things changed.

In the early 16th century, Ferdinand Magellan proved to the Western World, that without a doubt, the world was in fact ROUND.

A new awareness was created.

But there were MANY before him that had the same knowledge. Ferdinand Magellan was simply part of a lineage of belief.

Despite the fact that most of the 300 million inhabitants of the planet in the early 1600’s believed the world to be flat, and but a small handful of astronomer-types believed it to be round, the truth was never altered. Not for a second. It was ALWAYS waiting there to be discovered.

A belief never has nor ever will alter the truth. The number of people supporting the belief does not matter.

ImageSo, What’s My Point?

Please understand, I’m not saying that I’m ANYTHING like Ferdinand Magellan. He had more courage in his baby toe than I have in my entire body.

But, despite my foibles, I have also stumbled upon a truth. And despite what anyone says, regardless of their intelligence, their degrees, their stature or whatever opinion they may have, there is NOTHING on earth that is going to change this simple truth that I have stumbled upon.

The simple truth is this basic formula.

LESS INFLAMMATION = LESS RESTLESS LEGS

Regardless of what your reaction may be to me, my views, or natural remedies in general … this truth that I am presenting to you is NEVER going to change.

ImageAN ABSOLUTE CURE FOR RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME (RLS)

PROLOGUE

There is NO case of RLS that is beyond repair.

But please note … it is a PROCESS of RECOVERY. There is no magic pill.

You are exchanging your inflammatory diet and lifestyle (removing whatever it is in your life that is causing the inflammation in your body) for an anti-inflammatory diet and lifestyle.

As you can imagine, many sacrifices will need to be made. Some will be drastic. For starters you need to cut down on inflammatory items such as sugar, alcohol, refined flours, caffeine and dairy.

It may seem impossible, but if you move in this healthy direction, I can assure you that the sacrifices you make will pay off.

ImageI had horrible RLS for 23 years. I am now living a life I could have only dreamed of a few years ago. Words cannot express how grateful and relieved I am to have normal healthy legs and regular sleeping habits.

Something I learned from my own experience is that the MORE effort you put into your recovery, the FASTER you will heal.

If the only change you’re willing to make is to buy some magnesium or cut down on your sugar intake, then your recovery will be SLOW.

If you follow the advice given on this website, and go at your recovery with EVERYTHING you have … you will be rewarded for your efforts!

ImageSTEP ONE: STOP CONSUMING INFLAMMATORY FOODS AND BEVERAGES

If a fire breaks out in your kitchen, the first thing you need to do in order to save your house is to put out the fire!

It’s pretty basic logic. You can worry about the smoke damage, your melted toaster, the ruined curtains and whether or not your insurance covers the damage … after the fact.

But until you put that fire out, nothing else matters.

You must take the same approach when taking on your RLS. You must first PUT OUT the fire that is causing your restless legs.

Nothing else matters. You can switch medications all you want … but until you shift your WILL, and make a CONSCIOUS decision to stop eating and drinking the inflamatory substances that are ADDING TO YOUR INFLAMMATION … NOTHING is going to change!

ImageSTEP TWO: HEALING THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION THAT IS CAUSING YOUR RLS

Look at each supplement below as a different firefighter with a firehose. The best way you can attack the inflammation is from ALL angles with as many firefighters as you can round up. This will speed up the healing process immeasurably.

Again, it’s crucial … absolutely essential that you begin to watch your diet. You need to at least pull back a bit from your regular intake of the most common RLS triggers (caffeine, gluten, aspartame, sugar, dairy, salt, MSG, red meat and alcohol).

Taking the supplements while you continue to consume a diet FULL of RLS triggers, is like spraying TWO hoses on the fire – one hose pouring WATER on the fire and the other hose pouring GASOLINE on the fire.

Little progress will be made, if any.

ImageYOUR DAILY INTAKE OF SUPPLEMENTS, VITAMINS, MINERALS and HERBS

Supplements are often expensive. With that in mind I have created a “BASIC GROUP” of supplements that should be affordable for most people.

For those with a wider budget, I have a list of additional supplements that you can pick and choose from.
www.rlcure.com/daily-intake-for-an-absolute-cure-for-restless-legs-syndrome.html

Keep in mind that the supplements listed below are addressing THREE main areas.

1. It is certain that you have chronic inflammation. This will be lessened.

2. It is very likely that you have higher than normal histamine levels, which contributes to a racing mind and sleepless nights. This will be lowered.

3. It is very likely that you have higher than normal glutamate levels, which also contributes to a racing mind and sleepless nights. This will be lowered.

Calcium + Magnesium “CalMag” (anti-inflammatory, natural antihistamine, lowers glutamate level)

Magnesium (Mg) is a co-factor in several hundred enzymatic reactions in the human body. Magnesium reduces histamine release. Magnesium plays a direct role in lowering common inflammatory markers.  

Carrot Juice (anti-inflammatory)

Carrots are perhaps best known for their rich supply of the antioxidant nutrient that was actually named for them: beta-carotene. However, these delicious root vegetables are the source not only of beta-carotene, but also of a wide variety of antioxidants and other health-supporting nutrients.

ImageCurcumin (anti-inflammatory, natural antihistamine)

A component of the popular Indian curry spice turmeric, Curcumin is considered a potent non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory. Curcumin has been shown to be as effective as cortisone and phenylbutazone in decreasing inflammation. It also works in several ways to decrease inflammation by reducing prostaglandin activity.

Grape Seed Extract (anti-inflammatory, natural antihistamine, lowers glutamate level)

Grape Seed Extract is one of the most potent antioxidants known; over 50 times more potent than Vitamin E or C. It acts as a natural antihistamine and anti-inflammatory. The main active component is its high content of proanthocyanidin (OPC or PCO). Proanthocyanidin is found in red, white, and purple grapes, blueberries, cherries and plums.

Iron (anti-inflammatory)

Iron is an essential mineral whose main function is to help carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles and other organs. Iron deficiency is more common than many think. It is estimated that only 65-70% of all Americans meet their daily recommended intake.

ImageL-Theanine (lowers glutamate level)

L-Theanine is thought to be the key to tea’s subtle but calming effects despite the caffeine content in tea. L-Theanine is thought to counter the stimulating effects of caffeine by increasing the production of alpha brain waves. Alpha waves are associated with a state of deep relaxation while being mentally alert.

Omega 3 (anti-inflammatory, natural antihistamine)

Extensive research indicates that omega-3 fats reduce inflammation, helping to prevent inflammatory diseases like heart disease and arthritis. The omega-3 fatty acids can also be natural antihistamines that are useful to combat allergies as they reduce the inflammatory reaction associated with allergies.

Valerian Tea (anti-inflammatory, natural antihistamine, lowers glutamate level)

Valerian works exceedingly well for anxiety, insomnia and stress. Many people don’t know about one of the oldest herbs in existence valerian. Valerian has many healing qualities … in fact the latin root word valere means to be healthy. Valerian is one of the best herbs for stress … helping with insomnia, restlessness, nervousness, and inducing relaxation. Valerian is a good anti-inflammatory agent helping with swelling, pain, and redness… plus it also calms nerves … and promotes peace of mind.

Vitamin C(anti-inflammatory, natural antihistamine)vitamincinskincare

In addition to being a powerful anti-oxidant and immune booster, some studies have shown that high doses of vitamin c can help reduce sensitivity to allergens and reduce inflammation, mucus production and wheezing.

Water (anti-inflammatory, natural antihistamine)

Drinking plenty of water is one of the most effective natural remedies for inflammation. Water reduces inflammation and promotes cartilage health. To reduce internal inflammation, drink water to carry away waste products. Your body releases histamine in order to stop water loss. If you give your body adequate amounts of water, less histamine will be released.

For a list of references and citations please visit:
www.rlcure.com/daily-intake-for-an-absolute-cure-for-restless-legs-syndrome.html

tattooIN CLOSING

I urge you to read through the information on my main website www.rlcure.com

It’s all free information. Nothing is hidden from you.

This method has worked for me and many others. And it will work for ANYONE that is willing to change their lifestyle – to allow the inflammation in their body to cool down.

How you find the source of your inflammation, that’s your own personal journey. The RLcure website will guide you along, and show you where to look.

When you find out what is causing the inflammation in your body, that is the day you can start waving good-bye to your RLS forever!

I highly recommend that you take a moment to view the TESTIMONIALS from people that this “Absolute Cure” has helped.

These testimonials will hopefully help you to understand that recovery is possible, EVEN FOR YOU … no matter how HORRIBLE your RLS has become!

www.rlcure.com/tes.html

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RESTLESS LEGS SUCCESS STORY: NADINE AUSEN, WAUKESHA, WISCONSIN

“I am 66yrs. old, lived all my life in Wisconsin. Have been married for 44 yrs, and worked for 43 yrs as an RN, most of it in hospital nursing, with many years in cardiology and cardiac surgery. We have an adult son and daughter, a grandson who is 5 yrs, old, and will be excited to welcome a granddaughter in October. We also love our pets, travelling, and music. We enjoy a wonderful Christian church. We are becoming more health-conscious as we get older, and really hope to be active “senior citizens”! having my RLS under control will be important for that.

I was diagnosed with RLS about sixteen years ago. My symptoms were primarily showing themselves in the evening, making it difficult to sit and watch TV, go to a concert, etc, let alone go to bed and sleep.

I had tried lots of drugstore sleep remedies with little relief before being diagnosed.

After the diagnosis, I started on Requip, which really gave me a lot of symptom relief. Problem was, I was almost unable to stay awake during the evening, long before wanting to go to bed for the night. Also, while the legs were quieted, I found myself still restless and irritable, so after awhile, I was switched to Mirapex. Things were somewhat better for awhile, until augmentation began.

Symptoms began earlier in the day, and required more drug to suppress them, so that I would zonk out when the symptoms let up. I read enough information to realize that this class of drugs would probably have to be abandoned soon, leaving others that would be very sedating, as well. Kind of a depressing outlook, since I don’t really aspire to die in the next few years.

One day my daughter sent me a website http://www.rlcure.com that talked about natural remedies for RLS (this was after yet another conversation with me about how bummed I was about this miserable ailment and wondering what shape I’d be in in the coming years).

As a very experienced RN, and a natural skeptic besides, my first thought was “Oh, RiGHT!”, and after reading a little on the site, I thought, “How can I do all that?” Yet, as a nurse, it did make some sense to me. I already knew about the evidence showing that inflammation plays a role in a lot of medical conditions, so was it really so far-fetched to see it as a factor in RLS? Then there was the question my husband posed…”Wouldn’t you do almost anything to get rid of that?”

I started with cayenne (which I stopped because of frequent stomach upset) and Curcumin which is a combo drug available at some natural or organic stores as well as via Amazon. I am sorry to say that I don’t know for certain what the third one was that I took, but I can tell you that magnesium, calcium, B-12 sublingual, B complex and quercetin with bromelain (also found at natural stores or Amazon) were added soon, and help me a lot.

I also drink carrot juice. Of course, everyone has their own scenario of symptoms. There is also a large list of supplements in which to choose, but I have stuck with these.

I also occasionally use L-theanine to help settle me when I am especially bothered. It’s very mild, just calming.

After only a few weeks, I was able to decrease my Mirapex by half.

The dietary changes are harder, but when I follow them, my evenings are better.

Since they are mostly principles I should follow for glucose and weight control as well, I am working on better compliance, and truly believe I may be able to be prescription – free in time. And even if I don’t get that far, I am in a much better situation and feel much less helpless because of the anti-inflammatory approach.

It is a great feeling to know you can be proactive in dealing with this illness!! I have passed along some of this to others, and highly recommend trying this method to anyone living with this nasty condition.

Wouldn’t you do almost anything to get rid of that?”

http://www.rlcure.com/restless-legs-success-story-nadine-ausen.html

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EPIGENETICS: YOU CAN CHANGE THE WAY YOUR GENES EXPRESS. YOU’RE NOT “STUCK” WITH YOUR RESTLESS LEGS

INTRODUCTION

During the last several decades a new science called EPIGENETICS has exploded and changed the human genome as we know it.

This new discovery of how genes function releases everyone from the belief that they’re “stuck” with the genes that they inherited, and that whatever condition they have, will never go away.

Epigenetics teaches us that we can modify the way our genes express.

The science is still in its infancy, but recent studies have shown that diet can alter how your genes function.

This is especially important for people suffering from Restless Legs Syndrome that believe or were told that their condition was genetic, and therefore permanent.

WHAT US EPIGENETICS?

The term “epigenetics” was introduced in 1942 by embryologist Conrad Waddington.

It has become a fast-growing field of research that is changing our understanding of genetic information.

The DNA of a human cell has all the information necessary to produce more than 20,400 different proteins. You can imagine how challenging it is to keep all this information in an organized way. The solutions to the problem of DNA organization found by cells include tightly packing the DNA and switching genes “on” and “off” as needed. The study of these switches is called EPIGENETICS.

The information for life is not only coded in the DNA, but also on the DNA. Chemical attachments, which are called DNA methylation, can “turn off” parts of the DNA code that are not needed in a specific cell.

DNA methylation can also be influenced by our surroundings. Sometimes, changes in DNA methylation might lead to diseases. Understanding how our surroundings can influence DNA methylation might also help us to better understand the mechanisms causing some diseases and hopefully get better at curing and preventing them.

Diet, exercise, environment and mood may effect gene expression.

Even emotional traumas can be transmitted to subsequent generations through epigenetic inheritance.

The above information is courtesy of:
https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2020.554136
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27291929
https://www.scientificamerican.com/custom-media/science-for-life/how-diet-can-change-your-dna
https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/genes-turned-off-on.htm

Thanks to the many studies that have already taken place, we do know of some foods, vitamins and supplements that will help to modify our genes for the better.

An example is the following study headed by Dr. Tabitha Hardy. They discovered that broccoli, green tea, curcumin, selenium and grapes were helpful in gene regulation.

EPIGENETIC DIET: IMPACT ON THE EPIGENOME AND CANCER

Conclusion:

“Different mechanisms are involved in the maintenance of epigenetic states. Studies discussed herein have shown that dietary factors are likely to contribute to epigenetic alterations and in some cases may be able to reverse abnormal epigenetic states. This may provide a rationale for studying nutrient epigenetic modifiers more in combination studies or the proposal of an ‘epigenetic diet’ focused on consuming products that show the ability to stimulate beneficial epigenetic modifications, including increased consumption of fruit, vegetables and those dietary components that are mentioned herein.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3197720

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INCREASED EVIDENCE POINTS TO INFLAMMATION AS THE ROOT CAUSE OF ALL MEDICAL CONDITIONS

My belief that inflammation is the cause of Restless Legs Syndrome is not what you would call a popular belief in the Restless Legs community.

However, life rolls along, ever evolving, and one of the areas that is getting a lot of attention in the world of science is the relationship between inflammation and diseases.

It has not reached the level of a SCIENTIFIC FACT yet. That takes years of testing and retesting.

However, it is now generally believed that inflammation is behind all of the medical conditions that humans are afflicted with.

The research in this area continues to grow exponentially.

I’ve presented a series of links to articles that support the idea that inflammation is at the core of all medical conditions.

This, of course, would include Restless Legs Syndrome.

The articles are general in their scope. They don’t focus on a single disease.

I hope you find this information helpful.

Inflammation: A unifying theory of disease?
https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/inflammation-a-unifying-theory-of-disease

Inflammation May Be the Culprit Behind Our Deadliest Diseases
https://time.com/6269070/inflammation-deadly-diseases

Inflammation: The Cause of All Diseases
https://www.mdpi.com/books/reprint/7916-inflammation-the-cause-of-all-diseases

Chronic inflammation is long lasting, insidious, dangerous. And you may not even know you have it.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/chronic-inflammation-is-long-lasting-insidious-dangerous-and-you-may-not-even-know-you-have-it/2020/01/17/93ab0fa2-316f-11ea-9313-6cba89b1b9fb_story.html

Chronic Inflammation at the Root of Most Diseases + How to Prevent!
https://draxe.com/health/inflammation-at-the-root-of-most-diseases/

Rethinking the Origins of Inflammatory Diseases
https://www.wsj.com/articles/rethinking-the-origins-of-inflammatory-diseases-11665068467

Inflammation: The Root of All Chronic Health Problems and Premature Aging.
https://www.midwestintegratedmedicalcenter.com/blog/inflammation-the-root-of-all-chronic-health-problems-and-premature-aging

Inflammation: A Driving Force of Autoimmune Disease
https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/about-autoimmune/inflammation-a-driving-force-of-autoimmune-disease/

What Is Inflammation, and Why Is Everyone Talking About It?
https://www.thecut.com/article/what-is-inflammation-causes-symptoms-treatment-and-more.html

Inflammation is at the origin and progression of diseases such as diabetes or cancer
https://www.irbbarcelona.org/en/news/inflammation-is-at-the-origin-and-progression-of-diseases-such-as-diabetes-or-cancer

“Silent Fire”: The Dangers of Hidden Inflammation
https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/silent-fire-dangers-hidden-inflammation

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THE CAUSE OF RESTLESS LEGS IN PREGNANT WOMEN IS THE INCREASED LEVEL OF INFLAMMATION

Many women experience Restless Legs, often for the first time, during their pregnancy.

This condition occurs most often in the 3rd Trimester.

Contrary to popular belief, the Restless Legs are not caused by the pregnancy. The Restless Legs are caused by the HIGHER presence of INFLAMMATION in pregnant women.

As the studies below demonstrate, inflammation levels tend to increase in pregnant women.

This inflammation will often be enough to set off the legs.

VAGINAL CYTOKINES IN NORMAL PREGNANCY.” G. Gilbert et al. 2003.

“A significant increase of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) is produced in the third trimester. These cytokines act as chemoattractants of polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulating the expression of prostaglandins in response to delivery preparation.”

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002937803006537

C REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS ARE ELEVATED IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER IN PREECLAMPTIC PREGNANT WOMEN.” Zaima Ali et al . 2013.

“Pregnancy is a complex process which leads to a number of systemic changes. During normal pregnancy all these changes are very well regulated. Preeclampsia is a very common disorder of pregnancy and is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria that begins at more than 20 weeks of gestation. Poor placentation with inadequate cytotrophoblast invasion results in widespread maternal endothelial dysfunction. There is increasing evidence that preeclampsia is accompanied by exaggerated maternal systemic inflammatory response to this poor placentation.”

“PROKINETICIN-1: A NOVEL MEDIATOR OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN THIRD-TRIMESTER HUMAN PLACENTA.” Fiona C. Denison et al. 2008.

“Prokineticin-1 (PK1) is a recently described protein with a wide range of functions, including tissue-specific angiogenesis, modulation of inflammatory responses, and regulation of hemopoiesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the localization and expression of PK1 and PK receptor-1 (PKR1), their signaling pathways, and the effect of PK1 on expression of the inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and IL-8 in third-trimester placenta.

Our study demonstrates that PK1 and PKR1 are highly expressed in third-trimester placenta with PK1 up-regulating expression of IL-8 and COX-2 potentially via activation of PKR1 and cross-talk with EGFR. The latter finding is supported by double-immunofluorescent immunohistochemistry studies that show that PKR1 colocalizes with IL-8 and COX-2 in placenta. Together, these data suggest that PK1 may be a novel paracrine mediator of the inflammatory response in third-trimester placenta.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694305

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CURCUMIN IS A POWERFUL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY THAT CAN HELP TO LESSEN YOUR RESTLESS LEGS

Turmeric, the golden colored strongly flavored spice, is having a “moment.” This ancient spice, celebrated for centuries as both food and medicine, has resurfaced within the health and nutrition communities thanks to curcumin, the healing substance which supplies its vibrant color. Curcumin has significant anti-inflammatory properties that are said to rival those found in ibuprofen. Unlike over-the-counter drugs, turmeric has no toxic effects on the body. Curcumin’s powerful antioxidant advantages have been shown to protect healthy cells.
https://www.pbs.org/food/the-history-kitchen/turmeric-history

Curcumin is the active ingredient in the traditional herbal remedy and dietary spice turmeric (Curcuma longa). Curcumin has a surprisingly wide range of beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4686230

One of turmeric’s main claims to fame is that it’s commonly used to fight inflammation, and the bulk of turmeric’s inflammation-fighting powers can be assigned to curcumin. In fact, in the right dose, curcumin may be a more effective anti-inflammatory treatment than common inflammation-fighting medications such as ibuprofen (Advil) and aspirin.

Because chronic inflammation contributes to many chronic diseases, curcumin may help treat conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, arthritis (and restless legs).

https://www.everydayhealth.com/diet-nutrition/diet/scientific-health-benefits-turmeric-curcumin

Curcumin, Inflammation, and Chronic Diseases: How Are They Linked?

In a 2015 study Doctor Yan He concluded that “Curcumin has been demonstrated to have therapeutic potential for various chronic inflammatory diseases, essentially due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties against a vast array of molecular targets.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6272784

Why should you care about any of this?

Well, I’m 100% certain that the cause of your RESTLESS LEGS is INFLAMMATION.

Therefore, if you’re able to lessen the inflammation, the severity of your RESTLESS LEGS will also LESSEN.

The really good news is, it will also help to alleviate any other inflammatory conditions you may be suffering from.

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RESTLESS LEGS SUCCESS STORY: CLIVE MAINWARING, FRANCE

“David, originally you promised it would take two weeks to see a marked improvement, or in my case, (worse scenario) three weeks. I must tell you the difference is truly amazing!

Starting this coming Monday will be my fifth week and I have to report that last Thursday was in my opinion the beginning of the end of RLS for me – the end of over 30 years of suffering!

After weeks of torment and little or no sleep, I slept like a log for nine hours and this past Wednesday, Thursday night, and last night I slept equally for 7 and 8 hours respectively.

Boy, oh boy oh boy, so a huge thank you David for that! For three days now I have been free of all pain and the joy of climbing into bed, knowing that moments later I would be asleep is not describable to those outside our suffering.

Life has some meaning again. Sleep is my warm friend and thank you again for your emails and concerns.”

  • Clive Mainwaring, Lot et Garonne, France

http://www.rlcure.com/testimonials-from-people-that-have-become-free-of-restless-legs-syndrome.html

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EIGHT COMMON MYTHS ABOUT RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME

MYTH #1: RLS is Genetic

FACT: The “tendencies” that cause RLS are passed down from parent to child. These tendencies are VERY changeable. They are not hard-coded.

Science now knows with absolute certainty that genetics play a much smaller role than previously thought.

Genetics determine certain traits that are passed on to children, such as hair color, the shape of the nose etc. (as we all learned in school) but beliefs, tendencies and conditions that are passed on are passed through what is called “epigenetics.” These are the SWITCHES that determine how our genes are going to act.

In the case of RLS, the inflammatory switches could be ON because of a poor diet, toxic environment, and in a lot of cases, stress.

Through relaxation as well as a healthy diet & lifestyle, the inflammatory switches can be turned OFF.

In other words, you’re not STUCK with RLS.

MYTH #2: There are “Two” Types of RLS – Primary and Secondary

FACT: There is only ONE type of RLS. RLS is ALWAYS caused by inflammation, not by another condition.

Having chronic inflammation in your body is like spilling a coffee on your keyboard. Something unpleasant is going to happen, you’re just not sure what.

When it comes to chronic inflammation, if you’re lucky, the first indication that there’s a problem will be your restless legs. It buys you some time to take preventative action against the manifestation of a more life-threatening condition.

In the now famous 2012 study by Dr. Leonard Weinstock titled “Restless Legs Syndrome: Theoretical Roles of Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms” it was shown that 36 of the 41 RLS-associated conditions (88%) have been associated with inflammatory and/or immune changes.

According to the study “The fact that the majority of highly RLS associated conditions are also associated with inflammatory/immune changes suggests the possibility that RLS may be mediated or affected through these mechanisms.”

Parkinson’s, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth, Cancer or any of the other secondary conditions the study refers to do not cause RLS.

Inflammation is causing BOTH the RLS and the secondary condition.

MYTH #3: Iron Deficiency is a Primary Cause of RLS

FACT: The inflammation causing the RLS also affects iron levels.

It is well known in the scientific community that inflammation can affect iron levels (Chiari et al. 1995).

Although low iron appears to be one of the guilty parties when it comes to RLS symptoms, it is the INFLAMMATION causing the low iron levels that is the true perpetrator.

Pumping up iron levels in order to lessen RLS is treating the symptom, not the cause. Until the inflammation is dealt with, the iron levels will never truly stabilize.

MYTH #4: RLS IS Caused by an Imbalance in Dopamine Levels

FACT: The dopamine imbalance and the Restless Legs are BOTH caused by INFLAMMATION.

There are many scientific studies that show that a dopamine imbalance can be due to either low iron levels or caused directly from inflammation (Mizuno et al. 2004; Jellena et al. 2013; Bianco1 et al. 2008; Hunter et al. 2007; Liu et al. 2000).

As was the case with low iron levels in RLS sufferers, pumping up the dopamine levels helps with the symptoms, but does not deal with the actual cause. The inflammation that is causing the dopamine imbalance must be dealt with directly if the levels are ever to stabilize.

MYTH #5: Restless Legs Syndrome is a Disease

FACT: RLS is a BIOMARKER indicating that your body is dangerously INFLAMED and that ACTIONS must be taken to prevent further damage.

The body is an incredibly complex machine and one of its survival mechanisms is its ability to send our WARNING SIGNALS when something is not right underneath the hood.

For example, frequent headaches indicate that something beneath the surface needs to be attended to, whether it be stress, guilt, lifestyle, diet, a tumor, inflammation or something else.

In the case of RLS, your body is telling you that you have chronic inflammation and that it must be dealt with. If no changes are made, the inflammation will continue to increase, eventually resulting in the manifestation of additional conditions.

A nationally-recognized sleep expert has published an editorial describing Restless Legs Syndrome as a possible biomarker for underlying disease. The editorial appears in the March 5, 2014 issue of “Neurology” the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology and was authored by Boston Medical Center neurologist Sanford H. Auerbach, MD.

Dr. Auerbach suggests that “restless leg syndrome is a meaningful biomarker for serious disease, and that RLS screening may become more common as a tool for primary care providers to identify patients at risk.”

MYTH #6: RLS is Often Caused by Pregnancy

FACT: The RLS is caused by the HIGHER presence of INFLAMMATION in pregnant women.

Many scientific studies show that RLS symptoms are at their worst in the third trimester of pregnancy (Balendran et al. 2011; Neau et al. 2010; Lee et al. 2001).

Studies also show that inflammation levels tend to be higher in pregnant women, especially the third trimester (Gilbert et al. 2003; Denison et al. 2008).

MYTH #7: Aging Tends to Cause RLS

FACT: The RLS is caused by the HIGHER presence of INFLAMMATION in elderly people.

It is common knowledge that RLS has a higher prevalence in the elderly population (Dantas et al. 2008; O’Keeffe et al. 1993).

Inflammation levels also tend to be higher in the elderly population (Jenny 2012; Capuron et al. 2011; Van Kirk et al. 2011).

This information seems to always be presented in a way that indicates that the higher levels of RLS and inflammation are an unavoidable by-product of the aging process.

However, the truth is that it’s NEVER too late to change your diet and lifestyle. All you need is a strong will and a willingness to let go of your old habits.

Age really doesn’t matter. All that matters is your willingness to change.

Once you set your mind to making the necessary changes in your diet and lifestyle, the healing process begins. As a result, both your inflammation levels and RLS will lessen.

MYTH #8: There is No Cure for Restless Legs Syndrome

FACT: There IS a cure for Restless Legs Syndrome.

There are THOUSANDS of people, including myself, that offer living proof that a cure exists.

The cure varies for each individual, but the approach is always the same.

If you follow a strict anti-inflammatory diet, and are able to eliminate the main sources of your chronic inflammation (whether it be stress, alcohol, environmental factors, food intolerance etc.) you too will eventually become free of your RLS. There are no exceptions to this simple rule.

It doesn’t matter how BAD you think you have it, there exists a permanent way to calm your legs.

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CHRONIC INFLAMMATION: WHY IT’S HARMFUL

You’ve almost certainly heard the phrase: chronic inflammation. But many of us have a hazy understanding of what it means.

Simply put, this ongoing immune-system reaction can be a symptom of autoimmune and other serious illnesses. But it also plays a role in the disease process of many life-threatening conditions.

In fact, more than 50% of all deaths worldwide are attributed to chronic inflammatory diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, dementia, stroke and diabetes.

Dr. Ketan Amin, a physician with Novant Health Medicine says “It just kind of smolders in the background.”

That’s why it’s so important to know the signs of CHRONIC INFLAMMATION and what to do if you notice them. And rest assured, you are not powerless against chronic inflammation.

What is Chronic Inflammation

Chronic inflammation occurs when the body starts or continues sending out inflammatory cells and substances, even though there is no infection or injury. Because this happens internally, the signs of chronic inflammation are subtler, and can increase gradually over a long period.

Why is chronic inflammation dangerous?

Because the signs are difficult to spot, many people don’t find out chronic inflammation is a problem for them until they are diagnosed with a serious illness.

“People may not even realize they have an inflammatory condition, because it’s a subtle change that occurs over weeks, months and even years. So they’re just dealing with the symptoms, like fatigue, every day — and, day after day, it gets a little bit worse.”

Left unaddressed, chronic inflammation can damage healthy cells, tissues and organs, and may cause internal scarring, tissue death and damage to the DNA in previously healthy cells. Ultimately, this can lead to the development of potentially disabling or life-threatening illnesses, such as cancer or Type-2 diabetes.

What causes chronic inflammation?

Certain lifestyle factors make you more prone to developing chronic inflammation that can lead to disease, including:

  • Eating a diet high in added sugars, refined carbohydrates, processed or fried foods and unhealthy fats.
  • Drinking alcohol in excess (more than one or two servings a day) or smoking cigarettes.
  • Being obese (fat tissues release inflammatory substances).
  • Living with chronic stress, including social stressors like isolation, rejection and loss.
  • Having irregular sleep patterns.

Unfortunately, simply aging can put us at risk of increased chronic inflammation, possibly due to a lifetime’s exposure to pollutants and toxins, or an increase in visceral (belly) fat.

“Some level of baseline inflammation is unavoidable as you age, but it can be reduced in otherwise healthy individuals,” Amin said. “If you follow certain healthy life strategies, (like those below,) then you’ll likely be better off than those who don’t.”

How can you tell if you have chronic inflammation?

Because it occurs internally, the symptoms may not be noticeable at first. Some of the most common signs of chronic inflammation include:

  • Body discomfort, including joint stiffness, tendonitis and muscle pain.
  • Sleep disorders like insomnia, sleep apnea and persistent fatigue.
  • Weight gain or unexplained weight loss.
  • Skin rashes like psoriasis and frequent infections (viruses, etc.).
  • Abdominal pain, acid reflux and other digestive system issues.
  • Unexplained fever.
  • Mood disorders, including depression and anxiety.

This article was courtesy of Novant Health

https://www.novanthealth.org/healthy-headlines/chronic-inflammation-why-its-harmful-and-how-to-prevent-it

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A 2016 SINGAPORE STUDY CONFIRMS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME AND INFLAMMATION

In the world of biology, a biomarker (biological marker) is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition.

In our case, with Restless Legs Syndrome, we’re interested in biomarkers that indicate the presence of INFLAMMATION.

Inflammatory biomarkers are blood tests used by doctors to detect inflammation in the body.

The three most commonly used inflammatory markers are called C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and plasma viscosity (PV).

To understand what a biomarker is, imagine if you were arriving home after a trip to the store.

You see your daughter’s car in the driveway.

This is a strong indicator (or biomarker) that your daughter is visiting you.

Even though you CAN’T SEE your daughter, the car is an indicator that she is around, somewhere.

She’s probably in the house, but she could also be in the backyard, visiting a neighbor or walking her dog. All you know for sure is that your daughter’s car is in the driveway and she is close by.

In a recent study, scientists in Singapore used a new inflammation biomarker called the “neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio” to investigate the relationship between systemic inflammation and RLS.

The study is called “ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE NEUTROPHIL-TO-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO, A NEW MARKER OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION, AND RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.” The study was headed by Doctor Ceyhun Varım.

This study confirms the intimate connection between systemic inflammation and Restless Legs Syndrome.

“The NLR was found to be higher in patients with RLS, supporting the idea that systemic inflammation plays a role in RLS aetiology or that RLS is related to systemic inflammatory diseases. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to show the relationship between NLR and RLS.”

Click to access SMJ-57-514.pdf

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A 2020 STUDY DETERMINED THAT INFLAMMATION MAY BE A FACTOR IN RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME

In a study titled “(NEURO)INFLAMMATORY COMPONENT MAY BE A COMMON FACTOR IN CHRONIC WIDESPREAD PAIN AND RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME”

Researchers made the following observations:

  1. Proinflammatory/neuroinflammatory processes may be an underlying, common factor in both Chronic Widespread Pain and Restless Legs Syndrome.
  2. RLS prevalence increases with an increased number of pain areas and the higher the inflammatory load by spreading, the higher the occurrence of RLS.
  3. The etiology of RLS remains uncertain, but there is increasing evidence for proinflammatory and neuroimmunoendocrine mechanisms.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40675-020-00180-0

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A RECENT STUDY CONFIRMS THAT THERE IS A LINK BETWEEN RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME AND INFLAMMATION

For the last 12 years I’ve been screaming from the rooftops that INFLAMMATION is the cause of Restless Legs Syndrome.

I was banned for life from the three largest online RLS communities … RLS.org, RLS.org.au and a UK community called “Health Unlocked.”

It was actually pointed out to me by a member of Health Unlocked that after I was banned, members were not allowed to reference me or anything that I had posted on my website.

There have been several scientific studies over the past decade that “suggested” that inflammation and RLS were strongly linked, but it was always concluded that more testing was needed to be done.
No scientist was willing to give the RLS-INFLAMMATION link a full throated endorsement.

That is until now.

In a 2022 study lead by Dr. Joseph Dowsett, his team identified a definite link between RLS and inflammation.

The study was called “CHRONIC INFLAMMATION MARKERS AND CYTOKINE-SPECIFIC AUTOANTIBODIES IN DANISH BLOOD DONORS WITH RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME”

From that study:

“Our results support the existence of links between systemic inflammation and RLS.”

After being called a kook for the last 12 years, I feel like I’ve finally been vindicated. This is a good day for me.

The really good news about this study is that it should lead to many OTHER studies attempting to verify Dr. Dowsett’s conclusion.

That’s good news for RLS sufferers. Once a sufferer understands that their underlying issue is really inflammation, that may prompt them to take action rather than depend on terrible drugs that only mask the symptoms.

The truth is, if the inflammation is not dealt with, it will CONTINUE to manifest in a variety of ways. IBS, Crohn’s, Fibromyalgia etc.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35102231

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THERE IS A POWERFUL CONNECTION BETWEEN RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME AND ANXIETY

RESTLESS LEGS AND ANXIETYMultiple studies show that there is an undeniable bond between Restless Legs Syndrome and anxiety & panic disorders.

In some studies it’s clear that the RLS produced the increased levels of anxiety. In other cases it’s proven that the anxiety or panic disorder preceded the RLS.

Whether you believe anxiety causes RLS or RLS causes anxiety, as an RLS sufferer, you can only benefit from lessening your anxiety level.

Keep in mind that the lowering of the anxiety or panic has to be done in a NATURAL way – through breathing, diet, meditation, exercise, self talk etc.

MASKING the anxiety with medication does not lessen it. If anxiety is one of the factors powering your RLS, medication will not change that. The intensity of your RLS will remain the same.

The good news is, if you lessen your anxiety level, there’s a very good chance that the intensity of your RLS will lessen.

Below are excerpts from studies and articles that confirm the relationship between RLS and anxiety/panic disorders.ezgif.com-gif-maker

RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME AND MENTAL HEALTH
by Health Union

“Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and mental health have a chicken and egg relationship. People with RLS often have depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues. And, people with mental health issues often have restless legs.”

ANXIETY AND RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME
by Jim Folk, anxietycentre.com

“Restless legs and its symptoms are often symptoms of anxiety disorder, including generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder and others.”

When the “restless legs” symptom is caused by stress, as part of the body’s survival mechanism, the moment we believe we could be in danger the body produces a stress response. The stress response secretes stress hormones into the bloodstream where they travel to targeted spots to bring about specific physiological, psychological, and emotional changes that enhance the body’s ability to deal with a threat—to either fight with or flee from it. This survival reaction is the reason why it’s often referred to as the fight or flight response, the emergency response, or the fight, flight, or freeze response (some people freeze when they are afraid like a “deer caught in headlights”).

” When stress responses occur infrequently, the body can recover relatively quickly from the physiological, psychological, and emotional changes the stress response brings about. When stress responses occur too frequently and/or dramatically, however, such as from overly apprehensive behavior, the body has a more difficult time recovering, which can cause it to remain in a state of semi stress response readiness. We call this state “stress-response hyperstimulation” since stress hormones are stimulants (also often referred to as “hyperarousal”).”

” A body that becomes hyperstimulated can experience a wide range of symptoms due to the elevated level of chronic stimulation. Having “restless legs” and “nervous energy” are two examples.”

panic attack8ee5CORRELATION OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS WITH RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME: A POPULATION BASED SURVEY
by S. Sevim, O. Dogu, H. Kaleagasi, M. Aral, O. Metin and H. Camdeviren, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 2004

“Significantly greater anxiety and depression symptoms were observed among patients with RLS than in the control subjects. Our data also seem to provide initial evidence of a correlation between the severity of RLS and of anxiety and depression symptoms.”

8 TRIGGERS THAT MAKE RESTLESS LEGS WORSE
by Regina Boyle Wheeler, Everyday Health

“Rachel Salas, MD, an assistant professor of neurology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, says that stress and anxiety are big restless legs triggers. Stress reduction techniques like deep breathing or yoga may help.”

RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME AND RELATED DISORDERS
by The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

“Anxiety can cause restlessness and agitation at night. These symptoms can cause RLS or strongly resemble the condition.”

PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITIES IN RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME
Ulf Kallweit, M.D., Esther Werth, Ph.D., Angela Seiz, M.S., Sandra Sefidan, M.S., Norbert Dahmen, M.D., Prof., Mauro Manconi, M.D., Ph.D., Ulrike Ehlert, M.S., Ph.D., Prof. and Claudio L.A. Bassetti, M.D., Prof., The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2016

“In our study, anxiety and/or panic disturbances appeared before RLS symptoms in 83% of our patients.”

ANXIETAS TIBIARUM. DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROMEdizzyguy
by J. Winkelmann, M. Prager, R. Lieb, H. Pfister, B. Spiegel, H-U. Wittchen, F. Holsboer, C. Trenkwalder and A. Ströhle, Journal of Neurology, 2005

“RESULTS: RLS patients revealed an increased risk of having 12-month anxiety and depressive disorders with particularly strong associations with panic disorder (OR=4.7; 95% CI=2.1-10.1), generalized anxiety disorder (OR=3.5; 95% CI= 1.7-7.1), and major depression (OR=2.6; 95% CI=1.5-4.4). In addition, lifetime rates of panic disorder and most depressive disorders as well as comorbid depression and anxiety disorders were considerably increased among RLS patients compared with controls.

CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that RLS patients are at increased risk of having specific anxiety and depressive disorders.”

RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME IS ASSOCIATED WITH DSM-IV MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER AND PANIC DISORDER IN THE COMMUNITY

by Hochang B. Lee M.D., Wayne A. Hening M.D, Ph.D., Richard P. Allen Ph.D., Amanda E. Kalaydjian Ph.D., Christopher J. Earley M.B.B.Ch., Ph.D., William W. Eaton Ph.D. and Constantine G. Lyketsos M.D., M.H.S., Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2008

“There is a high prevalence of panic disorder among subjects with restless legs syndrome.”

RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME IN A COMMUNITY SAMPLE OF KOREAN ADULTS: PREVALENCE, IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE, AND ASSOCIATION WITH DSM-IV PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
by Seong-Jin Cho, Jin Pyo Hong, Bong-Jin Hahm, Hong Jin Jeon, Sung Man Chang, Maeng Je Cho and Hochang B Lee, Sleep, 2009

“Our study suggests a strong association between RLS and DSM-IV depression and anxiety disorders.”

EVALUATION OF AFFECTIVE TEMPERAMENT PROFILE AND LEVELS OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND ANXIETY IN PATIENTS WITH RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME
by Sehnaz Basaran and Halil İbrahim Tas, Sleep Breath, 2021

“Temperament, depression, and anxiety scores in patients with RLS were significantly higher than those in healthy controls.”

RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME, ANXIETY, AND DEPRESSION IN PHLEBOLOGY PRACTICE
by Konstantin Mazayshvili, Kseniya Kiyan, Alexey Sukhanov and Yury Gustelev, Veins and Lymphatics, 2020

“Anxiety and depression were significantly more frequent in patients with RLS symptoms (according to the questionnaire)restless-legs-anxiety-l than in patients without RLS symptoms (54.3% in anxiety patients with RLS symptoms vs 23.8% in anxiety patients without RLS symptoms).”

INVESTIGATION OF ALEXITHYMIA AND LEVELS OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AMONG PATIENTS WITH RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME
by Yılmaz O., Şengül Y., Şengül HS., Parlakkaya FB. and Öztürk A., Department of Neurology, IIstanbul, Turkey, 2018

“RLS patients have higher depression and anxiety scores than healthy individuals. Thus, depression and anxiety should be taken into consideration throughout the RLS treatment.”

RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR PSYCHIATRISTS
by John W. Winkelman, MD, PhD and Ryan M. Bottary, Psychiatric Times, 2017

panic“Compared with non-RLS controls, patients with RLS are 5 times more likely to experience panic attacks or have comorbid panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder.”

AFTER MISDIAGNOSIS AND RELENTLESS SYMPTOMS, I’VE FELT THE TOLL OF RLS ON MY MENTAL HEALTH. WE NEED BETTER CARE.
by Nick C., PUBLICSOURCE

“Deep breathing helps me manage my anxiety, an important tool given that stress and anxiety make RLS worse.”

RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME
by William C. Shiel Jr. MD, MedicineNet

“Anxiety may trigger or increase RLS symptoms according to some researchers.”

THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL EFFECTS OF RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME (RLS)
by Philip M Becker, Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2006

“Research has established a relationship between the symptoms of RLS and mood symptoms, but causality is unclear. Some studies have indicated that the symptoms of RLS precede those of depression or anxiety, and others relate the severity of mood symptoms to the severity of RLS symptoms.”

 

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SCIENTIFIC STUDY: LAVENDER OIL MASSAGE PROVES TO BE EFFECTIVE FOR CALMING RESTLESS LEGS

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The Effect of Massage With Lavender Oil on Restless Leg Syndrome in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sayyed Hossein Hashemi, Ali Hajbagheri and Mohammad Aghajani
Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015 Dec; 4(4): e29617.
Published online 2015 Dec 1. doi: 10.17795/nmsjournal29617
PMCID: PMC4733501
PMID: 26835466


ABSTRACT

Background:
Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a common problem in patients with chronic renal failure. It can reduce the quality of life and sleep disturbances. This disorder is usually treated pharmacologically. Recently, complementary medicine methods have been suggested because of chemical drugs adverse effects. There is not enough evidence about the effect of aromatherapy on RLS.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of massage with lavender oil on RLS symptoms in hemodialysis patients.

Patients and Methods:
This randomized clinical trial study included 70 hemodialysis patients with RLS that were randomly assigned into two groups in 2014. The experimental group received effleurage massage using lavender oil and control group received routine care for three weeks. Data was collected with RLS questionnaire and analyzed using independent and paired t-test and Chi-square test.

Results:
The mean RLS scores were not significantly different in the two groups at the start of study (22.41 ± 7.67 vs. 22.90 ± 4.38, P = 0.76). At the end of study, the mean RLS score significantly decreased in the intervention group, while this score remained relatively un-changed in the control group (12.41 ± 5.49 vs. 23.23 ± 4.52, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Lavender oil massage was effective to improve RLS in hemodialysis patients. It has no adverse effects, is practical and cost-effective. It is suggested to be used along with routine treatment of RLS in hemodialysis patients.

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“HIGH LEVELS OF RARE GUT BACTERIA MAY BE LINKED TO RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME” by American Academy of Sleep Medicine

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Small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) may be more prevalent among patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS), according to preliminary findings from a small, new study.

Results show that SIBO was found in all seven participants who have RLS. In contrast, the prevalence of SIBO in the general population is estimated to be no more than 15%.

“We’ve observed extremely high rates of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in the RLS group,” said lead author Daniel Jin Blum, Ph.D., D.B.S.M., an adjunct clinical instructor at Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine in Redwood City, California. “Exploring the relationship between RLS and gut microbial health has the potential to open novel avenues for possible detection, prevention and treatment for RLS and other sleep disorders.”

4af41defdea9b6dbe9b18a711b0d00f6SIBO is a condition in which rare gut-residing bacteria are over-represented in the gut. RLS is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by a complaint of a strong, nearly irresistible urge to move the limbs that is often accompanied by other uncomfortable sensations. These symptoms begin or worsen during periods of rest or inactivity such as lying down or sitting, are partially or totally relieved by movement such as walking or stretching, and occur exclusively or predominantly in the evening or at night.

Low iron in the brain is a key risk factor for RLS. According to the authors, this brain iron deficiency may be secondary to dietary iron deficiency or, potentially, gut inflammation.

Study participants completed questionnaires concerning sleep and SIBO syfdn-95mptoms and took home a fecal collection kit and a SIBO breath test kit. Fecal samples were examined by the University of Minnesota Genomics Center, and SIBO breath samples were evaluated by Aerodiagnostics for hydrogen and methane abnormalities.

Additional study participants continue to be recruited at the Stanford Sleep Center. Further analyses will examine fecal microbial composition, subtypes of RLS iron deficiency, and comparisons with insomnia.

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“THERE IS DIMINISHED BRAIN IRON IN PATIENTS WITH RLS EVEN WHEN BLOOD TESTS INDICATE THAT THEIR IRON STORES ARE *NORMAL*” by The Johns Hopkins Center for Restless Legs Syndrome

use-thisRole of Iron in RLS

The single most consistent finding and the strongest environmental risk factor associated with RLS is iron insufficiency. Professor Nordlander first recognized the association between iron deficiency and RLS, and reported that treatment of the iron deficiency markedly improved, if not eliminated, the RLS symptoms.

Despite this strong association between serum iron insufficiency and RLS, only about 15% of the RLS clinical population appears to have peripheral iron deficiency (serum ferritin < 50 mcg/l). To account for this, Professor Nordlander in proposing his “iron deficiency” hypothesis of RLS stated “It is possible…that there can exist an iron deficiency in the tissues in spite of normal serum iron.”

This hypothesis has led investigators to examine whether the brain could be deficient in iron in the face of otherwise normal serum iron measures.

All studies to date support the concept of diminished brain iron in patients with RLS even when blood tests indicate that their iron stores are normal. Cerebrospinal fluid obtained by lumbar puncture has shown that the iron storage protein ferritin is low in RLS patients, despite these patients having normal serum levels of iron and ferritin.

Studies using MRI have shown decreased iron concentrations in the substantia nigra, one of the primary brain regions where dopamine-producing cells reside. One study using MRI found a strong relation between iron concentrations in the substantia nigra and the severity of the RLS symptoms.

Through the generous efforts of RLS Foundation, a Brain Bank has been set for RLS dopamine-systempatients who poshumously donate their brains for study. Studies on these tissues have shown markedly diminished iron and iron storage protein in the substantia nigra, consistent with iron insufficiency in the dopamine cells. Overall the studies support the concept of iron dysregulation in brains of patients with RLS, particularly in dopamine-producing cells.

Gaps in our knowledge. Despite the substantial body of research on peripheral iron regulation, we still know very little about how iron is regulated by the blood-brain barrier or by the different cells within the brain. Also there is a relative lack of research on the effects of having iron insufficiency and on exactly how a brain region can be low in iron yet other organs in the body have normal levels?

Role of Dopamine in RLS

Marked improvement in RLS symptoms seen with drugs that stimulate the dopamine system and RLS-like symptoms produced with drug that block the dopamine system implicate the dopamine system in the pathogenesis of RLS.

dopamine-chemical-structureAlthough cerebrospinal fluid is a crude method for assessing the dopamine system in the brain, data from CSF indicated possible increase in brain dopamine production. Imaging studies using special radioactive chemicals have found reduced receptor and transporter function in the brain of more severely affected RLS patients.

Tissues from the Brain Bank have shown that the dopamine cells are normal in appearance and number, with no indication of damage. However, these studies also found that the dopamine receptors were decreased and the proteins associated with producing dopamine (tyrosine hydroxylase) were increased.

The composite results suggest the presence of increased production and release of dopamine a malfunction of the receptors that bind the dopamine and transmit the dopamine signal to other cells. The increase in dopamine may be the brain cells’ response to the poor signal.

When you cannot hear the voices clearly on the TV, you turn up the volume. Cells interact with each other in the similar manner: if a cell cannot “hear” the dopamine message from another cell, it “tells” the other cell to “turn up” the dopamine. Thus despite the increase in dopamine, the end result may be a decrease in the effect that dopamine has on certain brains cells at certain times of the day (i.e., evening and night time) leading to the develop of RLS symptoms.

Future Explorationwebsite-illustrations_Iron

Exactly how iron influences dopamine function is still unclear. Iron deficiency affects other systems in the brain, which potentially could affect the dopamine systems. Recent work done here at Johns Hopkins suggests another chemical in the brain, glutamate, may be equally important in causing some of the symptoms experienced by RLS patients.

Brain cells in culture and brains from animals show similar changes in the dopamine activity when the iron levels are lowered. We can uses these models of disease to examine the connections between iron and dopamine or glutamate, which may reveal what is happening in the human brain and specifically what is happening in RLS.

The Johns Hopkins RLS Center conducts and supports research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of restless legs syndrome.

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/restless-legs-syndrome/what-is-rls/causes.html

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